Introduction to a Unique Method

Tim Friede has been bitten by snakes hundreds of times — often on purpose. Now scientists are studying his blood in hopes of creating a better treatment for snake bites.

A Fascination with Reptiles

Friede has long had a fascination with reptiles and other venomous creatures. He used to milk scorpions’ and spiders’ venom as a hobby and kept dozens of snakes at his Wisconsin home. Hoping to protect himself from snakebites — and out of what he calls “simple curiosity” — he began injecting himself with small doses of snake venom and then slowly increased the amount to try to build up tolerance. He would then let snakes bite him.

The Process and Its Risks

“At first, it was very scary," Friede said. “But the more you do it, the better you get at it, the more calm you become with it.” While no doctor or emergency medical technician — or anyone, really — would ever suggest this is a remotely good idea, experts say his method tracks how the body works. When the immune system is exposed to the toxins in snake venom, it develops antibodies that can neutralize the poison. If it’s a small amount of venom the body can react before it’s overwhelmed. And if it’s venom the body has seen before, it can react more quickly and handle larger exposures.

The Science Behind the Tolerance

Friede has withstood snakebites and injections for nearly two decades and still has a refrigerator full of venom. In videos posted to his YouTube channel, he shows off swollen fang marks on his arms from black mamba, taipan and water cobra bites. “I wanted to push the limits as close to death as possible to where I’m just basically teetering right there and then back off of it," he said.

The Need for Better Antivenom

But Friede also wanted to help. He emailed every scientist he could find, asking them to study the tolerance he’d built up. Around 110,000 people die from snakebites every year, according to the World Health Organization. And making antivenom is expensive and difficult. It is often created by injecting large mammals like horses with venom and collecting the antibodies they produce. These antivenoms are usually only effective against specific snake species, and can sometimes produce bad reactions due to their nonhuman origins.

Collaboration and Research

When Columbia University’s Peter Kwong heard of Friede, he said, “Oh, wow, this is very unusual. We had a very special individual with amazing antibodies that he created over 18 years.” In a study published Friday in the journal Cell, Kwong and collaborators shared what they were able to do with Friede’s unique blood: They identified two antibodies that neutralize venom from many different snake species with the aim of someday producing a treatment that could offer broad protection.

Conclusion

It’s very early research — the antivenom was only tested in mice, and researchers are still years away from human trials. And while their experimental treatment shows promise against the group of snakes that include mambas and cobras, it’s not effective against vipers, which include snakes like rattlers. Despite the challenges, Friede’s journey could one day lead to a breakthrough in treating snakebites, making antivenom more accessible and saving thousands of lives.

FAQs

• Q: Why did Tim Friede let snakes bite him?
  • A: Friede let snakes bite him as part of an experiment to build up tolerance to snake venom.
• Q: How does the body react to snake venom?
  • A: When the immune system is exposed to the toxins in snake venom, it develops antibodies that can neutralize the poison.
• Q: What is the current state of antivenom production?
  • A: Making antivenom is expensive and difficult, often involving injecting large mammals with venom and collecting the antibodies they produce.
• Q: What are the hopes for Friede’s blood in creating a better treatment?
  • A: Scientists hope to use Friede’s unique antibodies to create a treatment that could offer broad protection against many different snake species.
• Q: What message does Friede have for those inspired by his actions?
  • A: Friede’s message is simple: “Don’t do it."