What is Whooping Cough?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines whooping cough, also known as pertussis, as a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by a bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. The bacteria attach to tiny, hair-like extensions called cilia that line part of the upper respiratory system and then release toxins, damaging the cilia and causing airways to swell.
How Does Whooping Cough Spread?
Whooping cough can spread easily from person to person, as the bacteria release into the air through coughing and sneezing. Those who contract whooping cough can spread the illness once symptoms start and up to at least two weeks after coughing begins.
Why are Whooping Cough Cases on the Rise?
The CDC attributes the rise in cases to mitigation measures utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as masking and remote learning, which led to a decrease in the transmission of whooping cough.
Why is it Called Whooping Cough?
A common symptom of pertussis is a "whoop" noise that occurs when someone inhales following a coughing fit, according to the CDC.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Whooping Cough?
Early symptoms typically appear five to 10 days following exposure, but may last up to three weeks for the full range of symptoms. They include a runny or stuffed-up nose, low-grade fever (lower than 100.4°F), and mild, occasional cough.
What are the Complications of Whooping Cough?
Coughing fits can begin one to two weeks after initial symptoms appear, and may last one to six weeks, but can persist for up to 10 weeks. The coughing fits can worsen and become more frequent, leading to:
- Making a high-pitched "whoop" when inhaling after a coughing fit
- Vomiting during or after coughing fits
- Feeling very tired after the fit, but generally well between fits
- Difficulty sleeping
- Struggling to breathe
- Fracturing a rib
Can Whooping Cough be Treated?
The CDC emphasizes early treatment and recommends the following:
- Taking antibiotics exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider
- Keeping the home free from triggers such as smoke, dust, and chemical fumes
- Using a clean, cool mist humidifier to loosen mucus and soothe the cough
- Eating small meals every few hours to prevent vomiting
- Drinking plenty of fluids, including water, juices, and fruits
Who is at a Higher Risk?
Babies younger than one year old are at the greatest risk of contracting whooping cough and developing severe complications. This age group also experiences the highest rate of whooping cough. About one-third of babies younger than one who contract the illness require hospital treatment.
Is there a Whooping Cough Vaccine?
Yes, and the CDC recommends it for people of all ages, as it is the best way to prevent the infection. The whooping cough vaccines work well, but protection fades over time. Those who get the illness and are vaccinated tend to develop milder cases.
What are the Side Effects of the Whooping Cough Vaccine?
Most people who get a whooping cough vaccine do not experience any serious side effects. The potential side effects tend to be mild and go away within a few days. The mild side effects of the DTaP vaccine include swelling/soreness where the vaccine was given, fever, irritability, feeling tired, loss of appetite, and vomiting. The Tdap vaccine can lead to pain/redness/swelling where the vaccine was given, mild fever, headache, feeling tired, and nausea/vomiting, diarrhea/stomachache.
Conclusion:
Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can spread easily from person to person. The recent surge in cases is attributed to mitigation measures used during the COVID-19 pandemic. It’s essential to be aware of the signs and symptoms, take preventative measures, and get vaccinated.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Q: What is whooping cough?
A: Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by a bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.
Q: How does whooping cough spread?
A: Whooping cough spreads easily from person to person through coughing and sneezing.
Q: Can whooping cough be treated?
A: Yes, early treatment is recommended, including antibiotics, keeping the home free from triggers, and using a clean, cool mist humidifier to loosen mucus.
Q: Who is at a higher risk of contracting whooping cough?
A: Babies younger than one year old are at the greatest risk of contracting whooping cough and developing severe complications.
Q: Is there a whooping cough vaccine?
A: Yes, the CDC recommends the whooping cough vaccine for people of all ages, as it is the best way to prevent the infection.
