When Hospitals Buy Physician Practices, Prices Go Up

By Anna Claire Vollers, Stateline.org

Introduction to the Issue

As more hospitals have gobbled up private physician practices, costs for childbirth and other services have gone up, according to a new study. Since the early aughts, the share of physicians in the United States working for hospitals has nearly doubled, according to the study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a nonprofit research organization.

The Impact on Costs

And as fewer doctors work in physician-owned practices, patients or their insurers end up paying more, the study’s authors found. For example: Two years after a hospital buys an OB-GYN practice, prices for labor and delivery jump an average of $475 and physician prices rise by $502, according to the study. Researchers focused on births, which are the most common reason for hospital admission among people with private insurance.

The Shift in the Healthcare Industry

This rapid acquisition by hospitals is reshaping a U.S. industry once dominated by tens of thousands of small, physician-owned practices. Only about 42% of U.S. physicians work in a physician-owned private practice, according to the most recent survey data from the American Medical Association. Nearly 47% work for hospitals, a sharp rise over the past several years. Most emergency room physicians are now employed by hospital systems or by private equity-owned staffing groups.

Research Findings and Implications

The new research offers further evidence for how hospital acquisitions of private practices “can result in anticompetitive price increases,” said Matthew Grennan, one of the study’s authors and an associate professor of economics at Emory University, in a news release. “As a result, I think economists and others in the antitrust community are likely to give more careful consideration to these potential sources of harm,” he said.

Medical Debt and Regulatory Efforts

Medical debt is a leading cause of bankruptcy in the United States, with about 14 million Americans owing more than $1,000 in medical debt, according to research nonprofit KFF. These post-merger price increases are driven by reduced competition, Grennan and his fellow researchers found. Yet there’s been little effort by federal or state regulators to halt hospital mergers that could lead to higher prices for consumers. But states have taken some steps toward lowering medical costs in recent years.

State-Level Initiatives

Bipartisan groups of lawmakers in more than a dozen states have addressed so-called “facility fees,” which are charges that some hospitals tack on for patient visits to hospital-owned physician offices. This year in Oklahoma, Republican lawmakers passed a bill requiring hospitals to make the cost of many of their services more transparent to patients so they’re aware of the costs. Providers can face penalties for noncompliance. A similar Oklahoma law authored by Democrats and passed last year requires debt collectors to submit evidence of a hospital’s compliance with price transparency rules before filing to collect on medical debts from patients.

Capping Rates

Some states have capped the rates hospitals or physicians can charge. Colorado sets provider and hospitals rates based on a specific formula if insurance plans aren’t able to lower peoples’ premiums to a certain level, while Montana and Oregon limited the amount hospitals and other providers can charge for their state employee health plan.

Conclusion

The trend of hospitals buying physician practices has significant implications for healthcare costs. As the industry continues to evolve, it’s crucial for regulators, lawmakers, and healthcare professionals to work together to ensure that these changes benefit patients, not just the bottom line of hospitals and healthcare systems.

FAQs

• Q: What happens when hospitals buy physician practices?
  • A: Prices for healthcare services, such as childbirth, tend to increase.
• Q: Why do prices increase after a hospital buys a physician practice?
  • A: The increase is largely due to reduced competition.
• Q: What steps are states taking to address high medical costs?
  • A: States are implementing measures like requiring price transparency and capping the rates that hospitals and physicians can charge.
• Q: How common is medical debt in the United States?
  • A: About 14 million Americans owe more than $1,000 in medical debt, making it a leading cause of bankruptcy.